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Text File | 1998-10-28 | 18.3 KB | 595 lines

PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN You can think of a module as the fundamental unit of reusable Perl code; see the _p_e_r_l_m_o_d manpage for details. Whenever anyone creates a chunk of Perl code that they think will be useful to the world, they register as a Perl developer at http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/04pause.html so that they can then upload their code to the CPAN. The CPAN is the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network and can be accessed at http://www.perl.com/CPAN/. This documentation is for people who want to download CPAN modules and install them on their own computer. PPPPRRRREEEEAAAAMMMMBBBBLLLLEEEE You have a file ending in .tar.gz (or, less often, .zip). You know there's a tasty module inside. There are four steps you must now take: DDDDEEEECCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS the file UUUUNNNNPPPPAAAACCCCKKKK the file into a directory BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLDDDD the module (sometimes unnecessary) IIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL the module. Here's how to perform each step for each operating system. This is _n_o_t a substitute for reading the README and INSTALL files that might have come with your module! Also note that these instructions are tailored for installing the module into your system's repository of Perl modules. But you can install modules into any directory you wish. For instance, where I say perl Makefile.PL, you can substitute perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/my/perl_directory to install the modules into /my/perl_directory. Then you can use the modules from your Perl programs with use lib "/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl"; or sometimes just use "/my/perl_directory";. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee oooonnnn UUUUnnnniiiixxxx,,,, You can use Andreas Koenig's CPAN module ( http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN ) to automate the following steps, from DECOMPRESS through INSTALL. A. DECOMPRESS Page 1 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) Decompress the file with gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz You can get gzip from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu. Or, you can combine this step with the next to save disk space: gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof - B. UNPACK Unpack the result with tar -xof yourmodule.tar C. BUILD Go into the newly-created directory and type: perl Makefile.PL make make test D. INSTALL While still in that directory, type: make install Make sure you have the appropriate permissions to install the module in your Perl 5 library directory. Often, you'll need to be root. That's all you need to do on Unix systems with dynamic linking. Most Unix systems have dynamic linking -- if yours doesn't, or if for another reason you have a statically-linked perl, aaaannnndddd the module requires compilation, you'll need to build a new Perl binary that includes the module. Again, you'll probably need to be root. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee rrrruuuunnnnnnnniiiinnnngggg WWWWiiiinnnnddddoooowwwwssss 99995555 oooorrrr NNNNTTTT wwwwiiiitttthhhh tttthhhheeee AAAAccccttttiiiivvvveeeeSSSSttttaaaatttteeee ppppoooorrrrtttt ooooffff PPPPeeeerrrrllll A. DECOMPRESS You can use the shareware Winzip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to decompress and unpack modules. B. UNPACK If you used WinZip, this was already done for you. C. BUILD Page 2 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) Does the module require compilation (i.e. does it have files that end in .xs, .c, .h, .y, .cc, .cxx, or .C)? If it does, you're on your own. You can try compiling it yourself if you have a C compiler. If you're successful, consider uploading the resulting binary to the CPAN for others to use. If it doesn't, go to INSTALL. D. INSTALL Copy the module into your Perl's _l_i_b directory. That'll be one of the directories you see when you type perl -e 'print "@INC"' +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee rrrruuuunnnnnnnniiiinnnngggg WWWWiiiinnnnddddoooowwwwssss 99995555 oooorrrr NNNNTTTT wwwwiiiitttthhhh tttthhhheeee ccccoooorrrreeee WWWWiiiinnnnddddoooowwwwssss ddddiiiissssttttrrrriiiibbbbuuuuttttiiiioooonnnn ooooffff PPPPeeeerrrrllll,,,, A. DECOMPRESS When you download the module, make sure it ends in either .tar.gz or .zip. Windows browsers sometimes download .tar.gz files as _tar.tar, because early versions of Windows prohibited more than one dot in a filename. You can use the shareware WinZip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to decompress and unpack modules. Or, you can use InfoZip's unzip utility ( http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/Info-Zip.html ) to uncompress .zip files; type unzip yourmodule.zip in your shell. Or, if you have a working tar and gzip, you can type gzip -cd yourmodule.tar.gz | tar xvf - in the shell to decompress yourmodule.tar.gz. This will UNPACK your module as well. B. UNPACK All of the methods in DECOMPRESS will have done this for you. C. BUILD Go into the newly-created directory and type: Page 3 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) perl Makefile.PL dmake dmake test Depending on your perl configuration, dmake might not be available. You might have to substitute whatever perl -V:make says. (Usually, that will be nmake or make.) D. INSTALL While still in that directory, type: dmake install +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee uuuussssiiiinnnngggg aaaa MMMMaaaacccciiiinnnnttttoooosssshhhh,,,, A. DECOMPRESS You can either use StuffIt Expander ( http://www.aladdinsys.com/ ) in combination with _D_r_o_p_S_t_u_f_f _w_i_t_h _E_x_p_a_n_d_e_r _E_n_h_a_n_c_e_r (shareware), or the freeware MacGzip ( http://persephone.cps.unizar.es/general/gente/spd/gzip/gzip.html ). B. UNPACK If you're using DropStuff or Stuffit, you can just extract the tar archive. Otherwise, you can use the freeware _s_u_n_t_a_r ( http://www.cirfid.unibo.it/~speranza ). C. BUILD Does the module require compilation? 1. If it does, Overview: You need MPW and a combination of new and old CodeWarrior compilers for MPW and libraries. Makefiles created for building under MPW use the Metrowerks compilers. It's most likely possible to build without other compilers, but it has not been done successfully, to our knowledge. Read the documentation in MacPerl: Power and Ease ( http://www.ptf.com/macperl/ ) on porting/building extensions, or find an existing precompiled binary, or hire someone to build it for you. Or, ask someone on the mac-perl mailing list (mac- perl@iis.ee.ethz.ch) to build it for you. To subscribe to the mac-perl mailing list, send mail to mac-perl- Page 4 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) request@iis.ee.ethz.ch. 2. If the module doesn't require compilation, go to INSTALL. D. INSTALL Make sure the newlines for the modules are in Mac format, not Unix format. Move the files manually into the correct folders. Move the files to their final destination: This will most likely be in $ENV{MACPERL}site_lib: (i.e., HD:MacPerl folder:site_lib:). You can add new paths to the default @INC in the Preferences menu item in the MacPerl application ($ENV{MACPERL}site_lib: is added automagically). Create whatever directory structures are required (i.e., for Some::Module, create $ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:Some: and put Module.pm in that directory). Run the following script (or something like it): #!perl -w use AutoSplit; my $dir = "${MACPERL}site_perl"; autosplit("$dir:Some:Module.pm", "$dir:auto", 0, 1, 1); Eventually there should be a way to automate the installation process; some solutions exist, but none are ready for the general public yet. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee oooonnnn tttthhhheeee DDDDJJJJGGGGPPPPPPPP ppppoooorrrrtttt ooooffff DDDDOOOOSSSS,,,, A. DECOMPRESS djtarx ( ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2/ ) will both uncompress and unpack. B. UNPACK See above. C. BUILD Go into the newly-created directory and type: perl Makefile.PL make make test Page 5 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) You will need the packages mentioned in Readme.dos in the Perl distribution. D. INSTALL While still in that directory, type: make install You will need the packages mentioned in Readme.dos in the Perl distribution. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee oooonnnn OOOOSSSS////2222,,,, Get the EMX development suite and gzip/tar, from either Hobbes ( http://hobbes.nmsu.edu ) or Leo ( http://www.leo.org ), and then follow the instructions for Unix. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee oooonnnn VVVVMMMMSSSS,,,, When downloading from CPAN, save your file with a .tgz extension instead of .tar.gz. All other periods in the filename should be replaced with underscores. For example, Your-Module-1.33.tar.gz should be downloaded as Your-Module-1_33.tgz. A. DECOMPRESS Type gzip -d Your-Module.tgz or, for zipped modules, type unzip Your-Module.zip Executables for gzip, zip, and VMStar ( Alphas: http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/000TOOLS/ALPHA/ and Vaxen: http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/000TOOLS/VAX/ ). gzip and tar are also available at ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS. Note that GNU's gzip/gunzip is not the same as Info- ZIP's zip/unzip package. The former is a simple compression tool; the latter permits creation of multi- file archives. B. UNPACK Page 6 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) If you're using VMStar: VMStar xf Your-Module.tar Or, if you're fond of VMS command syntax: tar/extract/verbose Your_Module.tar C. BUILD Make sure you have MMS (from Digital) or the freeware MMK ( available from MadGoat at http://www.madgoat.com ). Then type this to create the DESCRIP.MMS for the module: perl Makefile.PL Now you're ready to build: mms mms test Substitute mmk for mms above if you're using MMK. D. INSTALL Type mms install Substitute mmk for mms above if you're using MMK. +o IIIIffff yyyyoooouuuu''''rrrreeee oooonnnn MMMMVVVVSSSS, Introduce the .tar.gz file into an HFS as binary; don't translate from ASCII to EBCDIC. A. DECOMPRESS Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz> You can get gzip from http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html. B. UNPACK Unpack the result with pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < yourmodule.tar The BUILD and INSTALL steps are identical to those for Unix. Some modules generate Makefiles that work better Page 7 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) with GNU make, which is available from http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm. HHHHEEEEYYYY If you have any suggested changes for this page, let me know. Please don't send me mail asking for help on how to install your modules. There are too many modules, and too few Orwants, for me to be able to answer or even acknowledge all your questions. Contact the module author instead, or post to comp.lang.perl.modules, or ask someone familiar with Perl on your operating system. AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR Jon Orwant orwant@tpj.com The Perl Journal, http://tpj.com with invaluable help from Brandon Allbery, Charles Bailey, Graham Barr, Dominic Dunlop, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Ben Holzman, Tom Horsley, Nick Ing-Simmons, Tuomas J. Lukka, Laszlo Molnar, Chris Nandor, Alan Olsen, Peter Prymmer, Gurusamy Sarathy, Christoph Spalinger, Dan Sugalski, Larry Virden, and Ilya Zakharevich. July 22, 1998 CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT Copyright (C) 1998 Jon Orwant. All Rights Reserved. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that they are marked clearly as modified versions, that the authors' names and title are unchanged (though subtitles and additional authors' names may be added), and that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. Page 8 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111))))22225555////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222))))PPPPEEEERRRRLLLLMMMMOOOODDDDIIIINNNNSSSSTTTTAAAALLLLLLLL((((1111)))) Page 9 (printed 10/23/98)